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Knowledge about massage
by Beijing Companion on 七.02, 2010, under Exotic Massage, Nightlife
Combining massage with herbal medicine has great benefits. Massage can enhance and speed up the action of herbal remedies, our hands can detect a wealth of diagnostic information and touch adds a deeply compassionate level to the act of healing. Furthermore the liniments, oils etc used in massage provide an additional channel for herbs to work.
The Planetary herbalist will get more from a system of massage based on the same traditional energetic and wholistic principles as their herbal practice. Inevitably we must look to the great civilisations of the East to find such systems. Chinese massage, the subject of this article is a sophisticated ancient but living tradition rooted in Yin-Yang, five elements, qi-blood-fluid etc with a unique power to heal disease rather than simply relax the body and relieve tension.
Chinese massage is closely related to acupuncture in its use of the meridian system and is considered to be effective for a similar range of health problems. However it should not be seen as a poor relation to acupuncture. It is an effective and comprehensive therapy and is regarded alongside herbs, diet, qigong and one of the fundamental arts of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Massage is of course as old as human kind. However even with this perspective the pedigree of Chinese massage is impressive. There are massage textbooks as far back as the Nei Jing (722-481 BC) the most ancient medical texts. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) it is recorded that there were 56 massage doctors in the imperial hospital more than the total of herbalist and acupuncturists. Around this time
Chinese techniques were imported to Japan and eventually gave rise to Japanese Shiatsu. Later still Peter Henrik Ling learned from Chinese masters before developing Swedish Massage the origin of Western bodywork.
The development of the Chinese tradition came from the synergy between four groups, doctors who brought the sophisticated medical theories of TCM to massage, martial arts who combined deep experience of qi with great ability to heal injuries, Bhuddist and Taoist adepts who used massage as an essential support to their spiritual yoga and laymen often blind practitioners offering massage for pleasure and relaxation.
Since the time of the Mao Zedong massage has continued to develop absorbing western ideas into the traditional framework. It is widely practised and taught in hospital and medical schools and is an essential part of primary healthcare. The astounding success of China’s athletes and gymnasts is due at least in part to the use old traditional massage in their training. Chinese massage is in fact not a single therapy but encompasses five related and overlapping areas.
Amno, press and rub – massage for rejuvenation and health maintenance. Widely used in the home and in martial arts, qi gong and sports training.
Tuina, push and grasp – sophisticated medical massage used to treat injuries, joint and muscle problems and internal disorders.
Infant Tuina – one of the primary ways the Chinese treat babies and young children. The points and channels used are quite different to the standards ones.
Dian Xue, point press – familiar as acupressure. Uses simple pressure techniques. Very much a home remedy but also used by acupuncturists when needles are not suitable.
Wai Qi Liao Fa, curing with external qi – healing with direct transmission by qigong masters after many years of rigorous training and discipline.
In practice it is the context and objectives which distinguishes these branches. In terms of theory and techniques they have much in common. Central to all of them is the idea that massage affects not only the physical body but also the Qi body (the network of channels and points) and the mental body (emotions, thoughts and spiritual faculties). Since both physical and mental health are dependant on a smooth and abundant flow of Qi, massage can effectively treat all three levels.
Like acupuncture Chinese Massage is based on the theory of jing luo or channels and collaterals. According to this theory the body is networked by a system of pathways which function to transport qi and blood, to regulate yin and yang, to protect against external pathogens and to link the internal organs with the exterior. Blockage of the jing luo causes pain and is intimately connected with all health problems.
Chinese Massage is primarily focused on the jing luo and on xue (acupoints) where qi gathers and can be easily manipulated. Massage techniques are understood to affect the jing luo by:
activating qi and blood ( in the sense of increasing its activity)
regulating qi and blood ( in the sense of dispersing stagnation and guiding counterflow)
dredging the channels ( in the sense of removing external pathogens like cold and damp)
Massage also relaxes the jin ( sometimes mistranslated as tendons, jin actually refers to the function of all soft and connective tissue in relation to movement and flexibility) to ease spasm and increase flexibility and straightens the joints. Both jin and joints closely affect the flow of qi in the jing luo.
What is particularly interesting is that these effects create movement in one form or another. Since in TCM terms pain is simply a lack of free flow of qi and blood, this is why Chinese Massage is such a powerful treatment for pain.
Chinese Massage Techniques
Techniques are at the heart of any system of bodywork. They are what defines its feel and therapeutic qualities. Most textbooks on Chinese Massage list between 30 and 70 shou fa or hand techniques. These cover not only a range of soft tissue techniques, but also many percussion and joint manipulation methods including spinal adjustments similar to Osteopathy, although there are important differences. Some of these shou fa resemble western massage, others are quite unique. For example in gun fa, the back of the hand is rotated rapidly back and forth over the skin with an effect which one of my patient’s once described as like a heavy rolling pin.
Broadly speaking shou fa are classified into yin (sedating) and yang (stimulating). However each technique is further classified according the therapeutic principles it achieves. For example mo fa (rubbing) stimulates yang qi, tui fa (pushing) regulates counterflow. The skilled therapist combines these techniques in just the same way a herbalist combines herbs in a formula ensuring that therapeutic principles are achieved with a proper balance of yin and yang. So in a situtation where yin sedating techniques are primarily called for, the therapist will use some yang stimulation to activate qi and blood just as a herbalist adds ginger to a cooling formula.